With the environmental crisis at our doors, it’s becoming increasingly clear that the construction industry must pivot towards more sustainable practices. To help this shift, architects, contractors, and other built environment professionals can make use of a powerful tool called an Environmental Product Declaration, or EPD in short. But what is an EPD, and how can it help make better, more informed material choices?
An Environmental Product Declaration is a document that clearly delineates the environmental impact of a product or material throughout its life cycle. From the extraction of raw materials to disposal or recycling, an EPD can cover it all, presenting a holistic view of a product’s environmental footprint. The different stages of a life-cycle are often summarised by different types of EPDs.
• Cradle-to-Gate EPDs, for example, cover the phases from the extraction of raw materials to the manufacturing of the product and its on-site deployment.
• Cradle-to-Grave EPDs, cover instead the whole life-cycle, including the necessary end-of-life operations.
Furthermore, EPDs are also divided by product-specific ones, detailing information about a specific product from a manufacturer, and generic ones, relating to a material or class of materials.
An EPD is a powerful document because it propels actionable insight. By comparing the EPDs of different materials and products — architects, contractors, and engineers can make informed and environmentally conscious decisions, based on verified data. Thus contributing to the larger goal of carbon emission reduction in construction projects. Moreover, manufacturers get a clear roadmap to optimise their products' impact and market their carbon transparency effectively.
However, extracting information from an EPD can at times seem a daunting task, especially due to its technical jargon and formatting. Let's see how one can read a typical EPD by using a practical example. In this case, we will take a look at the product "Straw Boards 280'' by VestaEco.